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1.
Economic Stratification |
Laissez Faire system led to the “Gilded Age” at the end of the
nineteenth century where small number individuals controlled the
majority of the wealth. Leads to the progressive movement (unions,
socialist movement, populists etc.) |
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2.
Populists |
Pre-cursor to the Progressives.
Election of 1892: Platform
Graduated Income Tax , Gov ownership of railroads, telephone and
telegraph
Direct Election of Senators, 8 hour work day, Initiative and
Referendum
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3.
Inflation |
Populist and Granger policy-Deliberate inflation by coining silver
money.
“Gold Bugs” v. “Free and Unlimited Coinage of Silver” Inflation
good for poor in debt farmers, election of 1896-Bryan v.
McKinley—McKinley outspends Bryan 10:1, |
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4.
Muckraker |
Term applied to journalists who demanded reform of big business
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5.
Lincoln
Steffens |
Writes The Shame of the Cities, and expose on corruption in
city government
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6.
Ida
Tarbell |
Writes The History of the Standard Oil Company that details
Rockefeller’s ruthless use of power to create an abusive monopoly
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7.
Upton
Sinclair |
Writes The Jungle (1906) that explores the meat packing industry of
Chicago. This leads to The Pure Food and Drug and The Meat
Inspection Acts of 1906.
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8.
Pure
Food &Drug and Pure Meat Act 1906 |
Precursor to the FDA. Required inspections |
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9.
Jane
Adams |
Established Hull House, a settlement house that provided
playgrounds, a library and adult education. 1st step in public
housing and creating an interest in urban development
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10.
Seneca
Falls Conference |
Women’s Right’s Convention in Seneca Falls NY 1848: 1st meeting to
discuss women’s rights; demanded right to vote.
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11.
Cady
Stanton |
Mother of 7, Stanton co-authored the declaration @ Seneca Falls and
President of the National Women’s Suffrage Assoc.
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12.
Susan
B. Anthony |
Leader of the movement, born in 1820 fought for women’s right to
property, to vote and for an education.
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13.
Margaret Sanger |
In March 1914, Sanger published the first issue of The Woman
Rebel, which advocated the right to practice birth control.
Arrested for “obscenity” she fled to England. Opened the 1st birth
control clinic (diaphragm) in the US
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14.
Theodore Roosevelt |
Conservationist President: Opens 1st national parks and
federal lands
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15.
“The
Square Deal” |
Determined to give Americans what he
called "a Square Deal"; i.e., a more just and equitable society, TR
worked to increase the regulatory power of the federal government.
He persuaded Congress to pass laws that strengthened the Interstate
Commerce Commission and established a new federal Department of
Labor and Commerce. |
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16.
Trust
Busting |
Good vs. Bad trusts-Roosevelt tried to work w/monopolies to end
abuse
40 anti-trust suits against bad trusts. |
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17.
Taft |
Taft brought 80 trust suits, 16th and 17th amendment, strengthen ICC.
Roosevelt feels he is too weak on business and runs against him as
the Progressive party candidate.
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18.
Underwood Tariff |
The
Underwood tariff
of 1913 reduced the basic United States tariff rates to 28%. Part
of Wilson’s plan to expand US business. |
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19.
Clayton
Anti-Trust Act |
Outlawed: Interlocking directorates,
Ownership of stock in competing corporation, Price cutting below
cost to eliminate competitor. Since labor unions were exempt from
law, boycotts, peaceful strikes, and peaceful picketing were
legalized. Injunctions could be used to settle labor disputes only
when property damage was threatened.
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20.
Federal
Reserve |
System of federal banks designed to
maintain a stable currency. The main tasks of the Fed are:
Supervise and Regulate banks, Implement Monetary Policy ,
Issue/Purchase US Treasury |
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21.
Wilson |
“New Freedom”:
Lowering of tariffs
Improve national bank
Help farmers and labor
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